The Australian region includes the area of Australia, Tasmania, the Moluccas, New Guinea, New Zealand and most islands in the Pacific Ocean.

The Goliath birdwing (Ornithoptera goliath) is a giant among butterflies. The name refers to both the biblical name 'Goliath' and Mount Goliath in central Papua New Guinea. It is one of the largest butterflies in the world, up to 28cm.  The Goliath birdwing is strongly sexually dimorphic. The female is larger than the male, with dark-brown wings; it lays up to 20 eggs on the Aristolochia vine. The eggs can reach a diameter of 4.7 mm which makes them the largest in the world among insect eggs.

The name of Ornithoptera priamus comes from Priam (the Greek Πρίαμος Priamos), the king of Troy during the Trojan War. Known as 'rajski paź' in Poland, it belongs to the Papilionidae family. It is primarily found in Indo-Australia.  It has many forms and varieties, among which the Ornithoptera priamus urvillianus hybrid is one of the most spectacular.

The queen among butterflies, Ornithoptera victoriae maramasikensis, comes from the Maramasike Island, one of the Solomon Islands. It inhabits lowland tropical forests. Males with beautiful green wings fly high in the treetops, hence they are very difficult to capture. The first known specimens were bagged with a shotgun in the 19th century. Ornithoptera victoriae is strongly sexually dimorphic. The female is larger than the male, with white-spotted dark-brown wings; it lays up to 20 eggs on the Aristolochia vine. Wingspan 15–18 cm.