Rural customs related to annual holidays and important events in family life were one of the most significant areas of folk culture integrating the rural community, solidifying the sense of identity and belonging. Many old ceremonies and folk customs of the Lachs with the related objects and ceremonial props presented in the museum have been preserved to this day. This part of the exhibition shows the richness and variety of rural customs, mainly the annual ones. The agricultural holiday of Dozhinki was one of the most important in the life of a village. Grain wreaths are ceremonial props linked to that custom. They were traditionally round with radiating bundles of grain. Wreaths in the form of balls mounted on a stand were also popular. They were made of a single type of grain. Wreaths were decorated with flowers (fresh or made of tissue paper) and colourful ribbons. Dozhinki wreaths presented in the museum are traditional forms. Round ones are made of oats and wheat while the standing egg-shaped wreath is made of mixed grains. The cycle of Christmas that the Lachs called Gody or Godni Holidays was another holiday with the most elaborate customs in the rural culture. The holiday began in the evening on Christmas Eve and ended with Epiphany. The tradition of carolling was common in all parts of Poland at that time. The Sącz Lachs had various carolling groups performing: ‘podłaźnicy’, ‘Herods’, groups with a puppet nativity show, carollers with animal mascots: a Turoń, a mare or a bear and New Year’s ‘draby’ whose disguises were made predominantly of straw. This part of the exhibition presents carolling props. The group of animal mascots includes a Turoń from Podegrodzie and a horse from Świniarsk with its body made of the basket called ‘opałka’. A straw hat and a stick of a New Year’s ‘drab’ and carolling stars are also shown. You can also see traditional nativity scenes typical for the region. A nativity scene called ‘szopka’ that resembles a modest church with puppets wearing rag outfits was made by a sculptor from Podegrodzie, just like the other one where wooden puppets have been carved and then painted. Both ‘szopkas’ present a variety of puppets performing in the show. In addition to figures related to the biblical story, there are also lay figures such as a witch churning butter, a chimneysweep, a peasant producing moonshine and a gendarme. The exhibition also presents wedding wands linked to family ceremonies. Lachs’ wands are usually in the shape of a branched tree richly decorated with flowers, gilded nuts and chains made of linen balls and apples symbolising fertility.
Customs, Sącz Lachs Museum
Beacon